UN-Habitat
World Cities Report 2024
Urban climate, resilience, housing, and inclusion context for city-level interpretation.
Used as a policy and methodology reference for urban exposure and resilience signals.
Source registry
Global City Intelligence Data Sources
Trusted institutional source references used for city intelligence methodology, air quality, energy, climate, and resilience context.
- Last updated
- 2026-05-16
- Data year
- 2025
- Source policy
- Trusted institutions only
- Indexability
- Visible source blocks
Trusted sources
Each source is listed as crawlable text with a normal link. Future ingestion can attach exact dataset tables to the same source IDs.
World Health Organization
WHO Global Air Quality Guidelines
Health-based reference levels for PM2.5, PM10, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and carbon monoxide.
Used to normalize air-quality indicators toward health-protective benchmarks.
NASA
NASA POWER
Satellite-derived solar and meteorological datasets for energy and climate screening.
Used as an energy-resource and weather-normalization reference.
European Environment Agency
Air Quality Status Report
European air-quality assessment context for pollutant trends, thresholds, and health risk framing.
Used where European city comparisons need monitored air-quality context.
US Environmental Protection Agency
National Ambient Air Quality Standards
Scientific and regulatory context for criteria pollutants and particulate matter standards.
Used where United States city comparisons need air-quality benchmark context.
US Environmental Protection Agency
US EPA AirData — annual AQI summary
EPA AirData publishes annual AQI summary statistics per US county, including Median AQI, 90th percentile AQI, and the number of days in each AQI category. Values are computed from official monitoring data submitted to AQS.
Used as the city-level source for US air-quality records where a single county clearly maps to the city. Records that span multiple counties must disclose the borough/county selection in record notes.
IPCC
AR6 WGII Chapter 6: Cities, settlements and key infrastructure
Climate-risk and adaptation reference for cities, settlements, infrastructure, and resilience.
Used to explain urban climate vulnerability and adaptation scoring logic.
Numbeo
Cost of Living Index
Crowd-sourced cost-of-living, rent, and purchasing-power index used as a directional comparison reference.
Used for directional affordability framing alongside official housing and price datasets.
International Energy Agency
Empowering Urban Energy Transitions
City-scale clean-energy transition framing covering policy, electrification, buildings, and grid context.
Used to ground energy-readiness scoring in international transition guidance.
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
UNODC Data Portal
International crime, victimization, and criminal-justice statistics used for safety context.
Used as a directional benchmark for relative city safety framing.
International Telecommunication Union
Measuring Digital Development
Global broadband, mobile, and digital-development indicators for connectivity benchmarking.
Used as the connectivity reference for national and city-level digital-readiness signals.
Ookla
Speedtest Global Index
Continuously updated fixed-broadband and mobile-network performance comparison index.
Used as a directional speed and latency reference for city connectivity scoring.
European Commission
112 — The European emergency number
Official European Commission policy page describing 112 as the single emergency number reachable across the European Union and several neighboring countries.
Used as the primary attribution for the EU-wide 112 universal emergency number on European country profiles.
Federal Communications Commission
9-1-1 and E9-1-1 services
FCC reference page for the United States 9-1-1 and Enhanced 9-1-1 emergency calling system, covering availability and routing.
Used as the primary attribution for the United States 911 universal emergency number.
Government of Canada
Emergency services in Canada
Government of Canada reference for 9-1-1 emergency calling service availability across Canadian provinces and territories.
Used as the primary attribution for Canada's 911 universal emergency number.
Australian Government
Triple Zero (000)
Official Australian Government information site for the Triple Zero (000) emergency call service for police, fire, and ambulance.
Used as the primary attribution for Australia's 000 universal emergency number.
New Zealand Police
Dial 111 — Emergencies
New Zealand Police reference page for the 111 emergency calling service across police, fire, and ambulance.
Used as the primary attribution for New Zealand's 111 universal emergency number.
National Police Agency, Japan
National Police Agency of Japan
Official site of Japan's National Police Agency, with public guidance referencing 110 for police and 119 for fire and ambulance.
Used as the primary attribution for Japan's 110 police and 119 fire and ambulance emergency numbers.
Singapore Police Force
Singapore Police Force
Official Singapore Police Force site with public emergency contact guidance, referencing 999 for police emergencies.
Used as the primary attribution for Singapore's 999 police emergency number.
Singapore Civil Defence Force
Singapore Civil Defence Force
Official Singapore Civil Defence Force site with public emergency contact guidance, referencing 995 for fire and ambulance.
Used as the primary attribution for Singapore's 995 fire and ambulance emergency number.
Korean National Police Agency
Korean National Police Agency
Official site of the Korean National Police Agency, with public guidance referencing 112 for police and 119 for fire and ambulance.
Used as the primary attribution for South Korea's 112 police and 119 fire and ambulance emergency numbers.
World Health Organization
World Health Organization
United Nations specialized agency for international public health, providing health system context, guidelines, and country statistics.
Used for international public-health context and as a secondary reference for country health-system framing.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
OECD Health Statistics
Comparable cross-country health expenditure, workforce, and outcomes statistics for OECD member countries.
Used as a comparative reference for OECD-country healthcare-system framing.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Cabinet-level United States department responsible for federal public health, social services, and health policy.
Used as the primary federal attribution for United States public-health context.
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services
Medicare Care Compare
Official United States federal directory for comparing Medicare-certified hospitals, nursing homes, and care providers.
Used as the official United States hospital registry reference for verified facility lookups.
National Health Service (UK)
National Health Service
Official information portal for the United Kingdom's National Health Service, including service finders and public health guidance.
Used as the primary attribution for United Kingdom public-health and hospital information.
National Health Service (UK)
Find a hospital — NHS
Official NHS hospital and service finder for England.
Used as the official England hospital registry reference for verified facility lookups.
Government of Canada
Health Canada
Federal department of the Government of Canada responsible for national public health policy and information.
Used as the primary federal attribution for Canadian public-health context.
Canadian Institute for Health Information
Canadian Institute for Health Information
Independent, not-for-profit organization that provides comparable Canadian health-system data and analysis recognized by federal and provincial governments.
Used as the primary reference for Canadian health-system statistics and hospital-system framing.
Australian Government
Australian Department of Health and Aged Care
Federal Australian department responsible for national health policy, public health, and aged care.
Used as the primary federal attribution for Australian public-health context.
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare — MyHospitals
Official Australian Government statistical agency hospital information portal.
Used as the official Australian hospital registry reference for verified facility lookups.
Te Whatu Ora — Health New Zealand
Te Whatu Ora — Health New Zealand
Public agency responsible for delivering and funding New Zealand's health services nationally.
Used as the primary attribution for New Zealand public-health and hospital information.
Ministry of Health, Singapore
Ministry of Health, Singapore
Singapore Government ministry responsible for national health policy, hospital oversight, and public health information.
Used as the primary attribution for Singapore public-health context.
Ministry of Health, Singapore
Hospital Services — Ministry of Health, Singapore
Official Ministry of Health directory describing Singapore's public and private hospital services.
Used as the official Singapore hospital registry reference for verified facility framing.
Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan
Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan
Japanese ministry responsible for national health, labour, and welfare policy and public health information.
Used as the primary attribution for Japanese public-health context.
Federal Ministry of Health (Bundesministerium für Gesundheit)
Federal Ministry of Health, Germany
German federal ministry responsible for national health policy and public health information.
Used as the primary attribution for German public-health context.
Government of France
Ministère de la Santé et de la Prévention
French ministry responsible for national health policy, public health, and prevention.
Used as the primary attribution for French public-health context.
Danish Health Authority
Sundhedsstyrelsen — Danish Health Authority
Danish national board of health responsible for public health policy, surveillance, and prevention.
Used as the primary attribution for Danish public-health context.
RIVM (Government of the Netherlands)
RIVM — National Institute for Public Health and the Environment
Dutch government public health and environment institute responsible for national health monitoring and prevention.
Used as the primary attribution for Dutch public-health context.
U.S. Department of Transportation
U.S. Department of Transportation
Federal United States department responsible for national transportation policy, infrastructure, and safety.
Used as the primary federal attribution for United States national transport context.
Federal Aviation Administration
Federal Aviation Administration
United States federal agency regulating civil aviation safety and airspace.
Used as the primary attribution for United States aviation authority information.
Federal Railroad Administration
Federal Railroad Administration
United States federal agency responsible for railroad safety and policy.
Used as the primary attribution for United States rail authority information.
MTA — New York
Metropolitan Transportation Authority
Public benefit corporation responsible for public transportation in the New York City metropolitan area.
Used as the primary attribution for New York metro and commuter rail information.
Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
Bi-state public agency that operates JFK, LaGuardia, and Newark Liberty international airports and other regional transport assets.
Used as the primary attribution for New York metropolitan airport information.
UK Government
Department for Transport
United Kingdom government department responsible for national transport policy and statistics.
Used as the primary attribution for United Kingdom national transport context.
UK Civil Aviation Authority
Civil Aviation Authority
UK statutory corporation that oversees and regulates civil aviation in the United Kingdom.
Used as the primary attribution for United Kingdom aviation authority information.
Network Rail
Network Rail
Public body that owns and operates most of the rail network infrastructure in Great Britain.
Used as the primary attribution for Great Britain rail infrastructure information.
Transport for London
Transport for London
Local government body responsible for most aspects of London's transport system.
Used as the primary attribution for London public transport authority information.
Government of Canada
Transport Canada
Federal department responsible for transportation policies and programs in Canada.
Used as the primary federal attribution for Canadian national transport context.
VIA Rail Canada
VIA Rail Canada
Canadian Crown corporation that operates intercity passenger rail services.
Used as the primary attribution for Canadian national rail operator information.
Toronto Transit Commission
Toronto Transit Commission
Public transit agency operating buses, streetcars, and subway lines in Toronto, Ontario.
Used as the primary attribution for Toronto public transport authority information.
Greater Toronto Airports Authority
Greater Toronto Airports Authority
Operator of Toronto Pearson International Airport (YYZ).
Used as the official attribution for Toronto Pearson International Airport.
Australian Government
Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development, Communications and the Arts
Australian federal department responsible for transport policy, infrastructure, and aviation oversight.
Used as the primary federal attribution for Australian national transport context.
Civil Aviation Safety Authority
Civil Aviation Safety Authority
Australian statutory authority that regulates civil aviation safety.
Used as the primary attribution for Australian aviation authority information.
Transport for NSW
Transport for NSW
Government agency responsible for transport across New South Wales, including Sydney's public transport network.
Used as the primary attribution for Sydney and New South Wales public transport authority information.
Sydney Airport Corporation
Sydney Airport
Operator of Sydney (Kingsford Smith) Airport (SYD).
Used as the official attribution for Sydney Airport.
Waka Kotahi NZ Transport Agency
Waka Kotahi NZ Transport Agency
New Zealand crown entity responsible for land transport, roads, and licensing.
Used as the primary attribution for New Zealand national land-transport context.
Civil Aviation Authority of New Zealand
Civil Aviation Authority of New Zealand
New Zealand government agency responsible for civil aviation safety and regulation.
Used as the primary attribution for New Zealand aviation authority information.
Land Transport Authority, Singapore
Land Transport Authority
Statutory board under the Singapore Ministry of Transport responsible for land transport infrastructure and policy.
Used as the primary attribution for Singapore public-transport authority information.
Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore
Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore
Singapore statutory board responsible for civil aviation oversight.
Used as the primary attribution for Singapore aviation authority information.
Changi Airport Group
Changi Airport Group
Operator of Singapore Changi Airport (SIN).
Used as the official attribution for Singapore Changi Airport.
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, Japan
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
Japanese ministry responsible for national policy on land, infrastructure, transport, and tourism.
Used as the primary attribution for Japanese national transport and aviation context.
Tokyo Metro Co., Ltd.
Tokyo Metro
Operator of nine of the Tokyo subway lines.
Used as the primary attribution for Tokyo metro operator information.
Japan Airport Terminal Co., Ltd.
Haneda Airport (Tokyo International)
Operator of Tokyo Haneda Airport (HND).
Used as the official attribution for Tokyo Haneda Airport.
Narita International Airport Corporation
Narita International Airport
Operator of Narita International Airport (NRT) serving the Greater Tokyo Area.
Used as the official attribution for Narita International Airport.
Bundesministerium für Digitales und Verkehr
Federal Ministry for Digital and Transport
German federal ministry responsible for digital infrastructure and transport policy.
Used as the primary federal attribution for German national transport context.
Deutsche Bahn AG
Deutsche Bahn
German national railway company, owned by the federal government.
Used as the primary attribution for German national rail operator information.
BVG — Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe
Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe
Berlin's main public transport company, operating U-Bahn, trams, buses, and ferries.
Used as the primary attribution for Berlin public-transport operator information.
Flughafen Berlin Brandenburg GmbH
Berlin Brandenburg Airport
Operator of Berlin Brandenburg Airport (BER).
Used as the official attribution for Berlin Brandenburg Airport.
Government of France
Ministère de la Transition écologique
French ministry responsible for ecological transition, transport, and infrastructure policy.
Used as the primary federal attribution for French national transport context.
Société nationale des chemins de fer français
SNCF
French national state-owned railway company.
Used as the primary attribution for French national rail operator information.
Île-de-France Mobilités
Île-de-France Mobilités
Public transport authority for the Paris and Île-de-France region.
Used as the primary attribution for Paris public-transport authority information.
Régie Autonome des Transports Parisiens
RATP
Public operator of metro, RER, tram, and bus services in the Paris region.
Used as the primary attribution for Paris metro and bus operator information.
Groupe ADP
Paris Aéroport
Operator of Paris-Charles de Gaulle (CDG), Paris-Orly (ORY), and Paris-Le Bourget airports.
Used as the official attribution for Paris airport information.
Danish Transport Authority
Trafikstyrelsen — Danish Transport Authority
Danish national authority responsible for civil aviation, rail safety, and transport oversight.
Used as the primary attribution for Danish national transport context.
DSB — Danske Statsbaner
DSB
Danish state-owned railway company.
Used as the primary attribution for Danish national rail operator information.
Metroselskabet I/S
Metroselskabet — Copenhagen Metro
Operator of the Copenhagen Metro.
Used as the primary attribution for Copenhagen metro operator information.
Københavns Lufthavne A/S
Copenhagen Airport
Operator of Copenhagen Airport (CPH).
Used as the official attribution for Copenhagen Airport.
Government of the Netherlands
Ministerie van Infrastructuur en Waterstaat
Dutch ministry responsible for infrastructure, water management, and transport policy.
Used as the primary federal attribution for Dutch national transport context.
Nederlandse Spoorwegen (NS)
Nederlandse Spoorwegen
Principal passenger railway operator in the Netherlands.
Used as the primary attribution for Dutch national rail operator information.
GVB
GVB — Amsterdam Public Transport
Amsterdam public transport operator running metro, tram, bus, and ferry services.
Used as the primary attribution for Amsterdam public-transport operator information.
Royal Schiphol Group
Schiphol Group — Amsterdam Airport
Operator of Amsterdam Airport Schiphol (AMS).
Used as the official attribution for Amsterdam Schiphol Airport.
Heathrow Airport Holdings
Heathrow Airport
Operator of London Heathrow Airport (LHR).
Used as the official attribution for London Heathrow Airport.
World Bank
World Development Indicators
World Bank open-data programme that compiles cross-country development indicators from official statistical sources.
Used as the primary attribution for country-level indicator values such as population, internet usage, and urban-population share.
OpenAQ
OpenAQ open air-quality platform
Open-source aggregator of air-quality monitoring data sourced from government, research, and intergovernmental publishers worldwide.
Used as a primary aggregator of station-level air-quality measurements; every record cites the underlying official publisher through OpenAQ's provider attribution. Ingestion requires the OpenAQ v3 API key (OPENAQ_API_KEY) at build time.
Wikimedia Foundation
Wikidata
Free knowledge base providing stable QIDs and structured properties for places, monuments, parks, heritage sites, and administrative entities.
Used as a stable identifier registry for nearby-weekend-place records. Each record's `wikidataId` resolves to a Wikidata QID where verification has been completed; records still pending QID resolution are marked `verificationStatus: "needs_review"`.
Wikimedia Foundation
Wikimedia Commons
Free media repository providing source-attributed images with author and license metadata. Used by the existing place-image verification pipeline.
Used for verified place imagery only when source, author, and license can be confirmed against the original Commons file page; no Commons images are added in this nearby-places MVP — images remain pending the existing verify/build-place-images pipeline.
Source coverage table
The table makes the source registry readable for users, crawlers, and answer engines.
| Metric | Value | Context |
|---|---|---|
| UN-Habitat | World Cities Report 2024 | Urban climate, resilience, housing, and inclusion context for city-level interpretation. |
| World Health Organization | WHO Global Air Quality Guidelines | Health-based reference levels for PM2.5, PM10, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and carbon monoxide. |
| NASA | NASA POWER | Satellite-derived solar and meteorological datasets for energy and climate screening. |
| European Environment Agency | Air Quality Status Report | European air-quality assessment context for pollutant trends, thresholds, and health risk framing. |
| US Environmental Protection Agency | National Ambient Air Quality Standards | Scientific and regulatory context for criteria pollutants and particulate matter standards. |
| US Environmental Protection Agency | US EPA AirData — annual AQI summary | EPA AirData publishes annual AQI summary statistics per US county, including Median AQI, 90th percentile AQI, and the number of days in each AQI category. Values are computed from official monitoring data submitted to AQS. |
| IPCC | AR6 WGII Chapter 6: Cities, settlements and key infrastructure | Climate-risk and adaptation reference for cities, settlements, infrastructure, and resilience. |
| Numbeo | Cost of Living Index | Crowd-sourced cost-of-living, rent, and purchasing-power index used as a directional comparison reference. |
| International Energy Agency | Empowering Urban Energy Transitions | City-scale clean-energy transition framing covering policy, electrification, buildings, and grid context. |
| United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime | UNODC Data Portal | International crime, victimization, and criminal-justice statistics used for safety context. |
| International Telecommunication Union | Measuring Digital Development | Global broadband, mobile, and digital-development indicators for connectivity benchmarking. |
| Ookla | Speedtest Global Index | Continuously updated fixed-broadband and mobile-network performance comparison index. |
| European Commission | 112 — The European emergency number | Official European Commission policy page describing 112 as the single emergency number reachable across the European Union and several neighboring countries. |
| Federal Communications Commission | 9-1-1 and E9-1-1 services | FCC reference page for the United States 9-1-1 and Enhanced 9-1-1 emergency calling system, covering availability and routing. |
| Government of Canada | Emergency services in Canada | Government of Canada reference for 9-1-1 emergency calling service availability across Canadian provinces and territories. |
| Australian Government | Triple Zero (000) | Official Australian Government information site for the Triple Zero (000) emergency call service for police, fire, and ambulance. |
| New Zealand Police | Dial 111 — Emergencies | New Zealand Police reference page for the 111 emergency calling service across police, fire, and ambulance. |
| National Police Agency, Japan | National Police Agency of Japan | Official site of Japan's National Police Agency, with public guidance referencing 110 for police and 119 for fire and ambulance. |
| Singapore Police Force | Singapore Police Force | Official Singapore Police Force site with public emergency contact guidance, referencing 999 for police emergencies. |
| Singapore Civil Defence Force | Singapore Civil Defence Force | Official Singapore Civil Defence Force site with public emergency contact guidance, referencing 995 for fire and ambulance. |
| Korean National Police Agency | Korean National Police Agency | Official site of the Korean National Police Agency, with public guidance referencing 112 for police and 119 for fire and ambulance. |
| World Health Organization | World Health Organization | United Nations specialized agency for international public health, providing health system context, guidelines, and country statistics. |
| Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development | OECD Health Statistics | Comparable cross-country health expenditure, workforce, and outcomes statistics for OECD member countries. |
| U.S. Department of Health and Human Services | U.S. Department of Health and Human Services | Cabinet-level United States department responsible for federal public health, social services, and health policy. |
| Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services | Medicare Care Compare | Official United States federal directory for comparing Medicare-certified hospitals, nursing homes, and care providers. |
| National Health Service (UK) | National Health Service | Official information portal for the United Kingdom's National Health Service, including service finders and public health guidance. |
| National Health Service (UK) | Find a hospital — NHS | Official NHS hospital and service finder for England. |
| Government of Canada | Health Canada | Federal department of the Government of Canada responsible for national public health policy and information. |
| Canadian Institute for Health Information | Canadian Institute for Health Information | Independent, not-for-profit organization that provides comparable Canadian health-system data and analysis recognized by federal and provincial governments. |
| Australian Government | Australian Department of Health and Aged Care | Federal Australian department responsible for national health policy, public health, and aged care. |
| Australian Institute of Health and Welfare | Australian Institute of Health and Welfare — MyHospitals | Official Australian Government statistical agency hospital information portal. |
| Te Whatu Ora — Health New Zealand | Te Whatu Ora — Health New Zealand | Public agency responsible for delivering and funding New Zealand's health services nationally. |
| Ministry of Health, Singapore | Ministry of Health, Singapore | Singapore Government ministry responsible for national health policy, hospital oversight, and public health information. |
| Ministry of Health, Singapore | Hospital Services — Ministry of Health, Singapore | Official Ministry of Health directory describing Singapore's public and private hospital services. |
| Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan | Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan | Japanese ministry responsible for national health, labour, and welfare policy and public health information. |
| Federal Ministry of Health (Bundesministerium für Gesundheit) | Federal Ministry of Health, Germany | German federal ministry responsible for national health policy and public health information. |
| Government of France | Ministère de la Santé et de la Prévention | French ministry responsible for national health policy, public health, and prevention. |
| Danish Health Authority | Sundhedsstyrelsen — Danish Health Authority | Danish national board of health responsible for public health policy, surveillance, and prevention. |
| RIVM (Government of the Netherlands) | RIVM — National Institute for Public Health and the Environment | Dutch government public health and environment institute responsible for national health monitoring and prevention. |
| U.S. Department of Transportation | U.S. Department of Transportation | Federal United States department responsible for national transportation policy, infrastructure, and safety. |
| Federal Aviation Administration | Federal Aviation Administration | United States federal agency regulating civil aviation safety and airspace. |
| Federal Railroad Administration | Federal Railroad Administration | United States federal agency responsible for railroad safety and policy. |
| MTA — New York | Metropolitan Transportation Authority | Public benefit corporation responsible for public transportation in the New York City metropolitan area. |
| Port Authority of New York and New Jersey | Port Authority of New York and New Jersey | Bi-state public agency that operates JFK, LaGuardia, and Newark Liberty international airports and other regional transport assets. |
| UK Government | Department for Transport | United Kingdom government department responsible for national transport policy and statistics. |
| UK Civil Aviation Authority | Civil Aviation Authority | UK statutory corporation that oversees and regulates civil aviation in the United Kingdom. |
| Network Rail | Network Rail | Public body that owns and operates most of the rail network infrastructure in Great Britain. |
| Transport for London | Transport for London | Local government body responsible for most aspects of London's transport system. |
| Government of Canada | Transport Canada | Federal department responsible for transportation policies and programs in Canada. |
| VIA Rail Canada | VIA Rail Canada | Canadian Crown corporation that operates intercity passenger rail services. |
| Toronto Transit Commission | Toronto Transit Commission | Public transit agency operating buses, streetcars, and subway lines in Toronto, Ontario. |
| Greater Toronto Airports Authority | Greater Toronto Airports Authority | Operator of Toronto Pearson International Airport (YYZ). |
| Australian Government | Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development, Communications and the Arts | Australian federal department responsible for transport policy, infrastructure, and aviation oversight. |
| Civil Aviation Safety Authority | Civil Aviation Safety Authority | Australian statutory authority that regulates civil aviation safety. |
| Transport for NSW | Transport for NSW | Government agency responsible for transport across New South Wales, including Sydney's public transport network. |
| Sydney Airport Corporation | Sydney Airport | Operator of Sydney (Kingsford Smith) Airport (SYD). |
| Waka Kotahi NZ Transport Agency | Waka Kotahi NZ Transport Agency | New Zealand crown entity responsible for land transport, roads, and licensing. |
| Civil Aviation Authority of New Zealand | Civil Aviation Authority of New Zealand | New Zealand government agency responsible for civil aviation safety and regulation. |
| Land Transport Authority, Singapore | Land Transport Authority | Statutory board under the Singapore Ministry of Transport responsible for land transport infrastructure and policy. |
| Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore | Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore | Singapore statutory board responsible for civil aviation oversight. |
| Changi Airport Group | Changi Airport Group | Operator of Singapore Changi Airport (SIN). |
| Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, Japan | Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism | Japanese ministry responsible for national policy on land, infrastructure, transport, and tourism. |
| Tokyo Metro Co., Ltd. | Tokyo Metro | Operator of nine of the Tokyo subway lines. |
| Japan Airport Terminal Co., Ltd. | Haneda Airport (Tokyo International) | Operator of Tokyo Haneda Airport (HND). |
| Narita International Airport Corporation | Narita International Airport | Operator of Narita International Airport (NRT) serving the Greater Tokyo Area. |
| Bundesministerium für Digitales und Verkehr | Federal Ministry for Digital and Transport | German federal ministry responsible for digital infrastructure and transport policy. |
| Deutsche Bahn AG | Deutsche Bahn | German national railway company, owned by the federal government. |
| BVG — Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe | Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe | Berlin's main public transport company, operating U-Bahn, trams, buses, and ferries. |
| Flughafen Berlin Brandenburg GmbH | Berlin Brandenburg Airport | Operator of Berlin Brandenburg Airport (BER). |
| Government of France | Ministère de la Transition écologique | French ministry responsible for ecological transition, transport, and infrastructure policy. |
| Société nationale des chemins de fer français | SNCF | French national state-owned railway company. |
| Île-de-France Mobilités | Île-de-France Mobilités | Public transport authority for the Paris and Île-de-France region. |
| Régie Autonome des Transports Parisiens | RATP | Public operator of metro, RER, tram, and bus services in the Paris region. |
| Groupe ADP | Paris Aéroport | Operator of Paris-Charles de Gaulle (CDG), Paris-Orly (ORY), and Paris-Le Bourget airports. |
| Danish Transport Authority | Trafikstyrelsen — Danish Transport Authority | Danish national authority responsible for civil aviation, rail safety, and transport oversight. |
| DSB — Danske Statsbaner | DSB | Danish state-owned railway company. |
| Metroselskabet I/S | Metroselskabet — Copenhagen Metro | Operator of the Copenhagen Metro. |
| Københavns Lufthavne A/S | Copenhagen Airport | Operator of Copenhagen Airport (CPH). |
| Government of the Netherlands | Ministerie van Infrastructuur en Waterstaat | Dutch ministry responsible for infrastructure, water management, and transport policy. |
| Nederlandse Spoorwegen (NS) | Nederlandse Spoorwegen | Principal passenger railway operator in the Netherlands. |
| GVB | GVB — Amsterdam Public Transport | Amsterdam public transport operator running metro, tram, bus, and ferry services. |
| Royal Schiphol Group | Schiphol Group — Amsterdam Airport | Operator of Amsterdam Airport Schiphol (AMS). |
| Heathrow Airport Holdings | Heathrow Airport | Operator of London Heathrow Airport (LHR). |
| World Bank | World Development Indicators | World Bank open-data programme that compiles cross-country development indicators from official statistical sources. |
| OpenAQ | OpenAQ open air-quality platform | Open-source aggregator of air-quality monitoring data sourced from government, research, and intergovernmental publishers worldwide. |
| Wikimedia Foundation | Wikidata | Free knowledge base providing stable QIDs and structured properties for places, monuments, parks, heritage sites, and administrative entities. |
| Wikimedia Foundation | Wikimedia Commons | Free media repository providing source-attributed images with author and license metadata. Used by the existing place-image verification pipeline. |
Explanation
The platform separates source identity from route content. Cities, countries, modules, and rankings reference source IDs, then pages render the matching source block in HTML. This keeps the data model scalable and makes source governance easier.
Structured indicators are directional and intended for orientation; they are not presented as official measured observations. Verified layers — such as country emergency contacts and healthcare access — are attributed to the official publishers listed here, and additional verified data is integrated continuously.
Sources
87 institutional references inform this view, listed below with reliability notes. Structured indicators on this page are directional and intended for orientation; verified datasets are being integrated and official sources should be used for critical decisions.
- UN-Habitat: World Cities Report 2024
Used as a policy and methodology reference for urban exposure and resilience signals.
- World Health Organization: WHO Global Air Quality Guidelines
Used to normalize air-quality indicators toward health-protective benchmarks.
- NASA: NASA POWER
Used as an energy-resource and weather-normalization reference.
- European Environment Agency: Air Quality Status Report
Used where European city comparisons need monitored air-quality context.
- US Environmental Protection Agency: National Ambient Air Quality Standards
Used where United States city comparisons need air-quality benchmark context.
- US Environmental Protection Agency: US EPA AirData — annual AQI summary
Used as the city-level source for US air-quality records where a single county clearly maps to the city. Records that span multiple counties must disclose the borough/county selection in record notes.
- IPCC: AR6 WGII Chapter 6: Cities, settlements and key infrastructure
Used to explain urban climate vulnerability and adaptation scoring logic.
- Numbeo: Cost of Living Index
Used for directional affordability framing alongside official housing and price datasets.
- International Energy Agency: Empowering Urban Energy Transitions
Used to ground energy-readiness scoring in international transition guidance.
- United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime: UNODC Data Portal
Used as a directional benchmark for relative city safety framing.
- International Telecommunication Union: Measuring Digital Development
Used as the connectivity reference for national and city-level digital-readiness signals.
- Ookla: Speedtest Global Index
Used as a directional speed and latency reference for city connectivity scoring.
- European Commission: 112 — The European emergency number
Used as the primary attribution for the EU-wide 112 universal emergency number on European country profiles.
- Federal Communications Commission: 9-1-1 and E9-1-1 services
Used as the primary attribution for the United States 911 universal emergency number.
- Government of Canada: Emergency services in Canada
Used as the primary attribution for Canada's 911 universal emergency number.
- Australian Government: Triple Zero (000)
Used as the primary attribution for Australia's 000 universal emergency number.
- New Zealand Police: Dial 111 — Emergencies
Used as the primary attribution for New Zealand's 111 universal emergency number.
- National Police Agency, Japan: National Police Agency of Japan
Used as the primary attribution for Japan's 110 police and 119 fire and ambulance emergency numbers.
- Singapore Police Force: Singapore Police Force
Used as the primary attribution for Singapore's 999 police emergency number.
- Singapore Civil Defence Force: Singapore Civil Defence Force
Used as the primary attribution for Singapore's 995 fire and ambulance emergency number.
- Korean National Police Agency: Korean National Police Agency
Used as the primary attribution for South Korea's 112 police and 119 fire and ambulance emergency numbers.
- World Health Organization: World Health Organization
Used for international public-health context and as a secondary reference for country health-system framing.
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development: OECD Health Statistics
Used as a comparative reference for OECD-country healthcare-system framing.
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Used as the primary federal attribution for United States public-health context.
- Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services: Medicare Care Compare
Used as the official United States hospital registry reference for verified facility lookups.
- National Health Service (UK): National Health Service
Used as the primary attribution for United Kingdom public-health and hospital information.
- National Health Service (UK): Find a hospital — NHS
Used as the official England hospital registry reference for verified facility lookups.
- Government of Canada: Health Canada
Used as the primary federal attribution for Canadian public-health context.
- Canadian Institute for Health Information: Canadian Institute for Health Information
Used as the primary reference for Canadian health-system statistics and hospital-system framing.
- Australian Government: Australian Department of Health and Aged Care
Used as the primary federal attribution for Australian public-health context.
- Australian Institute of Health and Welfare: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare — MyHospitals
Used as the official Australian hospital registry reference for verified facility lookups.
- Te Whatu Ora — Health New Zealand: Te Whatu Ora — Health New Zealand
Used as the primary attribution for New Zealand public-health and hospital information.
- Ministry of Health, Singapore: Ministry of Health, Singapore
Used as the primary attribution for Singapore public-health context.
- Ministry of Health, Singapore: Hospital Services — Ministry of Health, Singapore
Used as the official Singapore hospital registry reference for verified facility framing.
- Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan: Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan
Used as the primary attribution for Japanese public-health context.
- Federal Ministry of Health (Bundesministerium für Gesundheit): Federal Ministry of Health, Germany
Used as the primary attribution for German public-health context.
- Government of France: Ministère de la Santé et de la Prévention
Used as the primary attribution for French public-health context.
- Danish Health Authority: Sundhedsstyrelsen — Danish Health Authority
Used as the primary attribution for Danish public-health context.
- RIVM (Government of the Netherlands): RIVM — National Institute for Public Health and the Environment
Used as the primary attribution for Dutch public-health context.
- U.S. Department of Transportation: U.S. Department of Transportation
Used as the primary federal attribution for United States national transport context.
- Federal Aviation Administration: Federal Aviation Administration
Used as the primary attribution for United States aviation authority information.
- Federal Railroad Administration: Federal Railroad Administration
Used as the primary attribution for United States rail authority information.
- MTA — New York: Metropolitan Transportation Authority
Used as the primary attribution for New York metro and commuter rail information.
- Port Authority of New York and New Jersey: Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
Used as the primary attribution for New York metropolitan airport information.
- UK Government: Department for Transport
Used as the primary attribution for United Kingdom national transport context.
- UK Civil Aviation Authority: Civil Aviation Authority
Used as the primary attribution for United Kingdom aviation authority information.
- Network Rail: Network Rail
Used as the primary attribution for Great Britain rail infrastructure information.
- Transport for London: Transport for London
Used as the primary attribution for London public transport authority information.
- Government of Canada: Transport Canada
Used as the primary federal attribution for Canadian national transport context.
- VIA Rail Canada: VIA Rail Canada
Used as the primary attribution for Canadian national rail operator information.
- Toronto Transit Commission: Toronto Transit Commission
Used as the primary attribution for Toronto public transport authority information.
- Greater Toronto Airports Authority: Greater Toronto Airports Authority
Used as the official attribution for Toronto Pearson International Airport.
- Australian Government: Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development, Communications and the Arts
Used as the primary federal attribution for Australian national transport context.
- Civil Aviation Safety Authority: Civil Aviation Safety Authority
Used as the primary attribution for Australian aviation authority information.
- Transport for NSW: Transport for NSW
Used as the primary attribution for Sydney and New South Wales public transport authority information.
- Sydney Airport Corporation: Sydney Airport
Used as the official attribution for Sydney Airport.
- Waka Kotahi NZ Transport Agency: Waka Kotahi NZ Transport Agency
Used as the primary attribution for New Zealand national land-transport context.
- Civil Aviation Authority of New Zealand: Civil Aviation Authority of New Zealand
Used as the primary attribution for New Zealand aviation authority information.
- Land Transport Authority, Singapore: Land Transport Authority
Used as the primary attribution for Singapore public-transport authority information.
- Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore: Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore
Used as the primary attribution for Singapore aviation authority information.
- Changi Airport Group: Changi Airport Group
Used as the official attribution for Singapore Changi Airport.
- Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, Japan: Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
Used as the primary attribution for Japanese national transport and aviation context.
- Tokyo Metro Co., Ltd.: Tokyo Metro
Used as the primary attribution for Tokyo metro operator information.
- Japan Airport Terminal Co., Ltd.: Haneda Airport (Tokyo International)
Used as the official attribution for Tokyo Haneda Airport.
- Narita International Airport Corporation: Narita International Airport
Used as the official attribution for Narita International Airport.
- Bundesministerium für Digitales und Verkehr: Federal Ministry for Digital and Transport
Used as the primary federal attribution for German national transport context.
- Deutsche Bahn AG: Deutsche Bahn
Used as the primary attribution for German national rail operator information.
- BVG — Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe: Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe
Used as the primary attribution for Berlin public-transport operator information.
- Flughafen Berlin Brandenburg GmbH: Berlin Brandenburg Airport
Used as the official attribution for Berlin Brandenburg Airport.
- Government of France: Ministère de la Transition écologique
Used as the primary federal attribution for French national transport context.
- Société nationale des chemins de fer français: SNCF
Used as the primary attribution for French national rail operator information.
- Île-de-France Mobilités: Île-de-France Mobilités
Used as the primary attribution for Paris public-transport authority information.
- Régie Autonome des Transports Parisiens: RATP
Used as the primary attribution for Paris metro and bus operator information.
- Groupe ADP: Paris Aéroport
Used as the official attribution for Paris airport information.
- Danish Transport Authority: Trafikstyrelsen — Danish Transport Authority
Used as the primary attribution for Danish national transport context.
- DSB — Danske Statsbaner: DSB
Used as the primary attribution for Danish national rail operator information.
- Metroselskabet I/S: Metroselskabet — Copenhagen Metro
Used as the primary attribution for Copenhagen metro operator information.
- Københavns Lufthavne A/S: Copenhagen Airport
Used as the official attribution for Copenhagen Airport.
- Government of the Netherlands: Ministerie van Infrastructuur en Waterstaat
Used as the primary federal attribution for Dutch national transport context.
- Nederlandse Spoorwegen (NS): Nederlandse Spoorwegen
Used as the primary attribution for Dutch national rail operator information.
- GVB: GVB — Amsterdam Public Transport
Used as the primary attribution for Amsterdam public-transport operator information.
- Royal Schiphol Group: Schiphol Group — Amsterdam Airport
Used as the official attribution for Amsterdam Schiphol Airport.
- Heathrow Airport Holdings: Heathrow Airport
Used as the official attribution for London Heathrow Airport.
- World Bank: World Development Indicators
Used as the primary attribution for country-level indicator values such as population, internet usage, and urban-population share.
- OpenAQ: OpenAQ open air-quality platform
Used as a primary aggregator of station-level air-quality measurements; every record cites the underlying official publisher through OpenAQ's provider attribution. Ingestion requires the OpenAQ v3 API key (OPENAQ_API_KEY) at build time.
- Wikimedia Foundation: Wikidata
Used as a stable identifier registry for nearby-weekend-place records. Each record's `wikidataId` resolves to a Wikidata QID where verification has been completed; records still pending QID resolution are marked `verificationStatus: "needs_review"`.
- Wikimedia Foundation: Wikimedia Commons
Used for verified place imagery only when source, author, and license can be confirmed against the original Commons file page; no Commons images are added in this nearby-places MVP — images remain pending the existing verify/build-place-images pipeline.