Air Quality score
Health-oriented air-quality conditions with context from WHO, EEA, and EPA benchmarks.
Tokyo's air profile benefits from strong governance but still requires attention to fine particles, ozone, and heat-related exposure.
Health-oriented air-quality conditions with context from WHO, EEA, and EPA benchmarks.
78/100
Solid air-quality score for a megacity, with health benchmarks still relevant.
PM2.5 and ozone
Dense urban activity keeps fine particles and ozone in the model.
Heat
Heat can amplify health risk and should be read alongside pollutant levels.
This HTML table mirrors the visible score cards so important comparison data is never trapped in a browser-only chart.
| Metric | Value | Context |
|---|---|---|
| Clean-air score | 78 / 100 | Strong for scale, but health-guideline pressure remains. |
| Primary pollutant watch | PM2.5, ozone | Important for long-term exposure and hot-season risk. |
| Monitoring confidence | Good | The model assumes strong urban monitoring context. |
The air-quality model gives large dense cities credit for governance while still penalizing exposure patterns that matter for health.
Read this module with the main city profile because single-topic pages can miss tradeoffs. A city with a high energy score can still have housing pressure, and a city with strong opportunity can still carry health exposure risk.
These pages use trusted institutional references for methodology and context. Mock values are typed and ready to be replaced by API-backed city datasets without changing route structure.
Used to normalize air-quality indicators toward health-protective benchmarks.
These links connect module pages back to city, ranking, and sibling topic paths with crawlable href values.
Return to the complete Tokyo profile with all module scores and source context.
Affordability, essential costs, and day-to-day financial pressure for residents.
Clean-energy readiness, grid resilience, and solar or efficiency opportunity signals.
A balanced ranking of cities across affordability, air quality, clean-energy readiness, and resilience.
A health-oriented comparison of city air-quality scores using WHO-centered pollutant interpretation.